Terraform Most-Used Commands

17/06/202616/06/2026 by Luis

FREE Terraform CLI AWS / Azure / GCP / Oracle Lite / Pro / Pro Plus coming soon

Terraform: FREE interactive emulator for AWS, Azure, GCP, and Oracle

Learn Terraform step by step with a visual learning-mode emulator. It includes guided challenges, a simulated terminal, infrastructure canvas output, and commands ready to copy or run.

40 explained Terraform commands

Use Copy to send the command to your clipboard or Run to load it into the emulator on this same page.

#	Command	Explanation
1	`terraform init`	Initializes the working directory and downloads required providers/modules.
2	`terraform init -upgrade`	Upgrades providers and modules while respecting version constraints.
3	`terraform init -backend=false`	Initializes without configuring a remote backend; useful for local validation or CI.
4	`terraform fmt`	Formats .tf files using Terraform standard style.
5	`terraform fmt -recursive`	Formats the current directory and all subdirectories.
6	`terraform validate`	Validates syntax, types and internal structure without creating resources.
7	`terraform validate -json`	Returns validation results as JSON for automated integrations.
8	`terraform plan`	Previews the changes Terraform would make to the infrastructure.
9	`terraform plan -out=tfplan`	Saves the plan so it can be applied later in a controlled way.
10	`terraform plan -destroy`	Previews destruction of resources managed by the state.
11	`terraform plan -var="env=dev"`	Runs the plan using a variable passed from the command line.
12	`terraform plan -var-file="dev.tfvars"`	Runs the plan using variables from a tfvars file.
13	`terraform apply`	Applies proposed changes and creates, modifies or deletes resources.
14	`terraform apply tfplan`	Applies a plan previously saved with -out.
15	`terraform apply -auto-approve`	Applies without interactive approval; use only in labs or controlled CI/CD.
16	`terraform destroy`	Destroys infrastructure managed by the current state.
17	`terraform destroy -auto-approve`	Destroys without asking for confirmation; critical command to use carefully.
18	`terraform output`	Shows values defined in output blocks.
19	`terraform output -json`	Shows outputs as JSON for integrations and scripts.
20	`terraform state list`	Lists resources Terraform manages in the current state.
21	`terraform state show aws_instance.demo`	Shows detailed attributes for one resource in state.
22	`terraform state mv old new`	Renames or moves a resource within state without recreating it.
23	`terraform state rm resource`	Removes a resource from state without deleting it from the real cloud.
24	`terraform import resource id`	Imports an existing resource so Terraform can manage it.
25	`terraform refresh`	Refreshes state from provider data; newer workflows prefer plan/apply.
26	`terraform providers`	Shows providers required by the configuration and modules.
27	`terraform providers lock`	Generates or updates the provider lock file for repeatable runs.
28	`terraform version`	Shows the installed Terraform version and relevant provider versions.
29	`terraform console`	Opens an interactive console to evaluate Terraform expressions.
30	`terraform graph`	Generates a DOT dependency graph between resources.
31	`terraform workspace list`	Lists available workspaces.
32	`terraform workspace new dev`	Creates a workspace to separate state by environment.
33	`terraform workspace select dev`	Switches to the dev workspace.
34	`terraform workspace show`	Shows the active workspace.
35	`terraform taint resource`	Marks a resource to be recreated on the next apply.
36	`terraform untaint resource`	Removes the taint mark from a resource.
37	`terraform login`	Logs in to use Terraform Cloud or HCP Terraform.
38	`terraform logout`	Logs out of the saved Terraform Cloud/HCP session.
39	`terraform test`	Runs native Terraform tests when test files exist.
40	`terraform modules`	Shows modules used by the configuration when supported by the CLI.

The emulator is educational: it does not request credentials, connect to real clouds, or create real resources.

50 Microsoft Excel Functions

16/06/202609/06/2026 by Luis

🎓 FREE educational

Learn Excel easily with guided practice and interactive challenges

Practice formulas, functions, finance, accounting, inventory and data analysis without installing Microsoft Excel. The emulator is embedded into this page as a step-by-step guide so users can learn faster, understand each result and practice with clear challenges.

✅ Interactive table🧠 Explanation canvas📋 Copy-ready formulas🌎 Multilingual🚀 LITE / PRO / PRO Plus coming soon

How to use this learning page

The goal is not to memorize all of Excel. The goal is to practice with small, clear exercises. Each challenge shows what to do, where to write the formula, what result to expect and why that result is correct.

1. Review the dataLook at the challenge table and understand what needs to be calculated.

2. Write the formulaUse the hint or try to solve it by yourself.

3. Run and validateThe emulator calculates, validates and explains the result.

4. Move to the next challengeLearn a new function with progressive practice.

Embedded Excel emulator: guide and challenges

This shortcode activates the emulator in guided learning mode, ideal for teaching Excel from scratch with challenges.

📱 On mobile you can scroll the table sideways or use compact mode.

Recommended fast learning path

Level 1: BasicsSUM, AVERAGE, MIN, MAX and COUNT for simple calculations.

Level 2: ConditionsIF, IFS, SUMIF and COUNTIF to make decisions with data.

Level 3: Clean dataTRIM, TEXT, CONCAT, LEFT, RIGHT and SUBSTITUTE to organize information.

Level 4: LookupsVLOOKUP, XLOOKUP, INDEX and MATCH to connect tables.

Level 5: FinancePMT, FV, PV, NPV and IRR to explain loans, investments and profitability.

Level 6: AccountingNet profit, balance, inflows, outflows and available inventory.

50 Excel commands, functions and formulas to practice

Copy each example, paste it into the emulator and review the result. The table adapts to phones, tablets and desktop screens.

#	Category	Command / function	Copy example	Use	Practical explanation
1	Basics	SUM	`=SUM(B2:B6)`	Adds a range of values.	Useful for adding sales, expenses, inventory or any numeric list.
2	Basics	AVERAGE	`=AVERAGE(B2:B6)`	Calculates the average.	Good for grades, sales, costs or time averages.
3	Basics	MIN	`=MIN(B2:B6)`	Finds the lowest value.	Helps detect the lowest cost, minimum sale or lowest result.
4	Basics	MAX	`=MAX(B2:B6)`	Finds the highest value.	Helps identify the highest sale, highest cost or best result.
5	Basics	COUNT	`=COUNT(B2:B20)`	Counts cells containing numbers.	Counts numeric records without including text.
6	Basics	COUNTA	`=COUNTA(A2:A20)`	Counts non-empty cells.	Useful for counting records, names, products or captured entries.
7	Conditions	IF	`=IF(B2>=70,"Passed","Review")`	Evaluates a condition and returns a result.	Ideal for status lights, approvals, diagnostics and validations.
8	Conditions	IFS	`=IFS(B2>=90,"Excellent",B2>=70,"Good",B2<70,"Review")`	Evaluates several conditions in order.	Classifies results without many nested IF formulas.
9	Conditions	SUMIF	`=SUMIF(A2:A20,"Sales",B2:B20)`	Adds values that meet one condition.	Useful for adding sales, expenses or transactions by category.
10	Conditions	SUMIFS	`=SUMIFS(C2:C50,A2:A50,"Sales",B2:B50,"January")`	Adds values with multiple conditions.	Great for reports by category, month, customer or region.
11	Conditions	COUNTIF	`=COUNTIF(B2:B50,">=70")`	Counts cells that meet a condition.	Counts passed students, low stock items or critical tickets.
12	Conditions	COUNTIFS	`=COUNTIFS(A2:A50,"Sales",B2:B50,"January")`	Counts records with multiple conditions.	Useful for audits, reports and segmented analysis.
13	Conditions	AVERAGEIF	`=AVERAGEIF(A2:A50,"Sales",B2:B50)`	Averages values based on one condition.	Shows average sales, costs or results by group.
14	Formatting and numbers	ROUND	`=ROUND(B2,2)`	Rounds a number to a specific number of decimals.	Very useful for amounts, percentages, taxes and indicators.
15	Formatting and numbers	ROUNDUP	`=ROUNDUP(B2,0)`	Rounds up.	Useful when minimum coverage, packages or full units are required.
16	Formatting and numbers	ROUNDDOWN	`=ROUNDDOWN(B2,0)`	Rounds down.	Good for conservative estimates or whole-unit calculations.
17	Formatting and numbers	ABS	`=ABS(B2)`	Converts a negative number into positive.	Useful for showing differences, losses or variations without a negative sign.
18	Dates	TODAY	`=TODAY()`	Shows the current date.	Useful for dynamic reports, due dates and daily controls.
19	Dates	NOW	`=NOW()`	Shows the current date and time.	Useful for logs, records and timestamps.
20	Dates	DATE	`=DATE(2026,6,16)`	Creates a date using year, month and day.	Avoids format issues when building dates.
21	Dates	YEAR	`=YEAR(A2)`	Extracts the year from a date.	Useful for annual reports and year grouping.
22	Dates	MONTH	`=MONTH(A2)`	Extracts the month from a date.	Useful for classifying sales, expenses or transactions by month.
23	Dates	DAY	`=DAY(A2)`	Extracts the day from a date.	Useful for daily analysis or due dates.
24	Text	TEXT	`=TEXT(B2,"$#,##0.00")`	Converts values to formatted text.	Useful for presenting amounts, dates or percentages clearly.
25	Text	CONCAT	`=CONCAT(A2," - ",B2)`	Joins text from multiple cells.	Creates combined keys, labels or descriptions.
26	Text	LEFT	`=LEFT(A2,3)`	Extracts characters from the beginning.	Useful for prefixes, codes or abbreviations.
27	Text	RIGHT	`=RIGHT(A2,4)`	Extracts characters from the end.	Useful for endings, last digits or codes.
28	Text	MID	`=MID(A2,2,5)`	Extracts text from a specific position.	Useful for splitting parts of keys or identifiers.
29	Text	LEN	`=LEN(A2)`	Counts characters.	Helps validate code, SKU, name or ID lengths.
30	Text	TRIM	`=TRIM(A2)`	Removes extra spaces.	Very useful for cleaning data pasted from other systems.
31	Text	UPPER	`=UPPER(A2)`	Converts text to uppercase.	Normalizes names, codes or records.
32	Text	LOWER	`=LOWER(A2)`	Converts text to lowercase.	Standardizes emails, labels or data.
33	Text	FIND	`=FIND("@",A2)`	Finds the position of text inside another text.	Useful for validating emails or splitting information.
34	Text	SUBSTITUTE	`=SUBSTITUTE(A2," ","-")`	Replaces specific text.	Useful for cleaning data or creating slugs/codes.
35	Lookup	VLOOKUP	`=VLOOKUP(A2,Products!A:D,4,FALSE)`	Looks up a value in the first column of a table.	Useful for bringing prices, descriptions or related data.
36	Lookup	XLOOKUP	`=XLOOKUP(A2,Products!A:A,Products!D:D,"Not found")`	Looks up values flexibly.	Modern alternative for clearer and safer lookups.
37	Lookup	INDEX	`=INDEX(B2:B20,3)`	Returns a value based on its position.	Extracts specific data from a list.
38	Lookup	MATCH	`=MATCH(E2,A2:A20,0)`	Finds the position of a value.	Commonly used with INDEX for advanced lookups.
39	Dynamic data	FILTER	`=FILTER(A2:C50,B2:B50="Active")`	Filters data that meets a condition.	Ideal for clean views of customers, products or transactions.
40	Dynamic data	SORT	`=SORT(A2:C50,2,-1)`	Sorts data by column.	Useful for rankings, top sales or priorities.
41	Dynamic data	UNIQUE	`=UNIQUE(A2:A50)`	Returns unique values.	Useful for customer, category or product lists without duplicates.
42	Errors	IFERROR	`=IFERROR(B2/C2,"Review data")`	Shows a message if there is an error.	Avoids confusing results like #DIV/0! or #N/A.
43	Finance	PMT	`=PMT(12%/12,24,-50000)`	Calculates a loan payment.	Useful for monthly credit, financing or loan payments.
44	Finance	FV	`=FV(8%/12,36,-1000)`	Calculates future value.	Estimates future savings or investment value.
45	Finance	PV	`=PV(10%/12,24,-2500)`	Calculates present value.	Shows the current value of future payments.
46	Finance	NPV	`=NPV(10%,B2:B6)`	Calculates net present value.	Helps evaluate investment projects.
47	Finance	IRR	`=IRR(B2:B7)`	Calculates internal rate of return.	Useful for analyzing investment profitability.
48	Finance	Percentage	`=B2/B3`	Calculates ratios or percentages.	Example: margin, progress, compliance or share.
49	Accounting	Net profit	`=B2-B3-B4-B5`	Subtracts costs, expenses and taxes from income.	Explains real profit for a period.
50	Accounting	Balance	`=SUM(B2:B10)-SUM(C2:C10)`	Compares debit vs credit or inflows vs outflows.	Useful for simple balances and reconciliations.
51	Inventory	Available stock	`=B2-C2+D2`	Calculates final inventory.	Adds entries, subtracts exits and shows availability.

50 Most-Used Docker Commands

09/06/2026 by Luis

🐳 50 Most-Used Docker Commands with Interactive Emulator

Docker helps you build, share, and run applications in containers. This WordPress-ready guide combines a practical command table, an emulator, guided challenges, a visual canvas, and Dockerfile + Docker Compose practice without connecting to a real Docker daemon.

Learning note: emulator output is simulated for training. Real output can vary by Docker Engine version, operating system, image tags, local resources, Docker Desktop settings, registry permissions, and compose.yaml content.

🚀 Responsive Docker Emulator

Type a command, choose a suggestion, or click “Use in Emulator” from the table. The emulator shows simulated output, guided feedback, and visual movement across images, containers, volumes, networks, Dockerfile, and Compose services.

Challenge: run docker version to start your Docker session.

DOCKER WORKSPACE

Pack

RESOURCE SCOPE 0

docker-runbook.md0/13

Docker CLI

FREE challenges are available now. LITE, PRO, and PRO Plus will be available soon with more guided labs and deeper scoring.

Expected runbook commandsdocker version

Run the next command to receive guided feedback.

Dockerfile used in this challenge

This challenge focuses on Docker CLI operations. Dockerfile and Compose examples appear in the last three FREE challenges.

compose.yaml used in this challenge

compose.yaml: This challenge focuses on Docker CLI operations. Dockerfile and Compose examples appear in the last three FREE challenges.

How Docker Compose uses it: This challenge focuses on Docker CLI operations. Dockerfile and Compose examples appear in the last three FREE challenges.

Docker Visual CanvasNo changes yet: run a command to move simulated Docker resources.

What is happening?Run a Docker command to see the emulator explain how images, containers, volumes, networks, Dockerfile, and Compose change.

WORKSPACE OUTPUTwaiting

$ Waiting for a Docker command...
Run a command to see simulated Docker output here.

$ Docker Emulator Ready
Tip: choose a command from the table and click "Use in Emulator".

On small screens, the table automatically becomes cards so content is not cut off.

#	Command / Parameter	Description	Example
1	`docker version`	Show Docker client and server version information.	`docker version`
2	`docker info`	Display system-wide Docker information.	`docker info`
3	`docker login`	Authenticate to a container registry.	`docker login`
4	`docker logout`	Log out from a container registry.	`docker logout`
5	`docker search`	Search Docker Hub for images.	`docker search nginx`
6	`docker pull`	Download an image from a registry.	`docker pull nginx:latest`
7	`docker images`	List local images.	`docker images`
8	`docker image inspect`	Inspect image metadata.	`docker image inspect nginx:latest`
9	`docker image history`	Show the layer history of an image.	`docker image history nginx:latest`
10	`docker tag`	Create a new tag for an image.	`docker tag nginx:latest local-nginx:v1`
11	`docker build`	Build an image from a Dockerfile.	`docker build -t demo-app:1.0 .`
12	`docker build --no-cache`	Build an image without using cache.	`docker build --no-cache -t demo-app:clean .`
13	`docker run`	Create and run a container from an image.	`docker run hello-world`
14	`docker run -d`	Run a container in detached mode.	`docker run -d --name web -p 8080:80 nginx:latest`
15	`docker ps`	List running containers.	`docker ps`
16	`docker ps -a`	List all containers, including stopped ones.	`docker ps -a`
17	`docker logs`	Show container logs.	`docker logs web`
18	`docker logs -f`	Follow container logs in real time.	`docker logs -f web`
19	`docker exec`	Run a command inside a running container.	`docker exec -it web sh`
20	`docker stop`	Stop a running container.	`docker stop web`
21	`docker start`	Start a stopped container.	`docker start web`
22	`docker restart`	Restart a container.	`docker restart web`
23	`docker rm`	Remove a stopped container.	`docker rm web`
24	`docker rmi`	Remove a local image.	`docker rmi local-nginx:v1`
25	`docker container prune`	Remove stopped containers.	`docker container prune -f`
26	`docker image prune -a`	Remove unused images.	`docker image prune -a -f`
27	`docker volume create`	Create a named volume.	`docker volume create app-data`
28	`docker volume ls`	List Docker volumes.	`docker volume ls`
29	`docker volume inspect`	Inspect a volume.	`docker volume inspect app-data`
30	`docker volume rm`	Remove a Docker volume.	`docker volume rm app-data`
31	`docker network create`	Create a Docker network.	`docker network create app-net`
32	`docker network ls`	List Docker networks.	`docker network ls`
33	`docker network inspect`	Inspect a Docker network.	`docker network inspect app-net`
34	`docker network connect`	Connect a container to a network.	`docker network connect app-net web`
35	`docker network rm`	Remove a Docker network.	`docker network rm app-net`
36	`docker cp`	Copy files between host and container.	`docker cp index.html web:/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html`
37	`docker stats`	Show live resource usage statistics.	`docker stats --no-stream`
38	`docker top`	Display running processes inside a container.	`docker top web`
39	`docker inspect`	Return low-level Docker object information.	`docker inspect web`
40	`docker events`	Monitor Docker daemon events.	`docker events --since 10m`
41	`docker compose version`	Show Docker Compose version.	`docker compose version`
42	`docker compose up`	Create and start services from compose.yaml.	`docker compose up -d`
43	`docker compose ps`	List containers managed by Compose.	`docker compose ps`
44	`docker compose logs`	Show service logs from Compose.	`docker compose logs -f`
45	`docker compose exec`	Run a command inside a Compose service container.	`docker compose exec web sh`
46	`docker compose restart`	Restart Compose services.	`docker compose restart`
47	`docker compose down`	Stop and remove Compose containers and networks.	`docker compose down`
48	`docker compose down -v`	Stop Compose services and remove named volumes too.	`docker compose down -v`
49	`docker compose build`	Build or rebuild Compose services.	`docker compose build --no-cache`
50	`docker compose pull`	Pull service images defined in compose.yaml.	`docker compose pull`

🧠 Conclusion

This Docker emulator is ready. The FREE pack contains the active challenges now, while LITE, PRO, and PRO Plus are visible as upcoming expansion tiers for deeper labs, scoring, downloadable runbooks, and advanced Docker Compose scenarios.

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